Tabernaemontana divaricata, commonly known as Crape Jasmine, Pinwheel Flower, or Frangipani Jasmine, is an evergreen shrub in the Apocynaceae family. Native to tropical regions of Southeast Asia, this plant is valued for its fragrant, white flowers and its attractive, glossy foliage. It is widely grown in tropical and subtropical gardens for ornamental purposes. Key Features: Size and Growth: Typically grows 1.5 to 3 meters (5–10 feet) tall, with a spread of up to 2 meters (6.5 feet). It can be pruned to maintain a compact size or trained as a small tree or hedge. Leaves: The leaves are glossy, lance-shaped, dark green, and arranged in opposite pairs. They have a smooth texture and a rich green color, contributing to the plant's overall attractive appearance. Flowers: The plant is best known for its fragrant, tubular white flowers that resemble a pinwheel or star-shaped arrangement. The flowers are typically about 5–6 cm (2–2.5 inches) in diameter and are highly aromatic. Blooming occurs from spring to fall, attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies. Fruit: Produces elongated, cylindrical fruits that are not particularly ornamental. They contain seeds that can be dispersed by wind. Ecological and Practical Uses: Ornamental Value: Tabernaemontana divaricata is primarily grown for its striking white, fragrant flowers and glossy foliage. It works well in tropical gardens, hedges, or as a specimen shrub. Fragrance: The flowers are known for their strong, pleasant fragrance, making them ideal for planting near walkways, patios, or other areas where their scent can be enjoyed. Wildlife Value: The fragrant flowers attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and moths, making it an excellent choice for pollinator-friendly gardens. Medicinal Uses: In traditional medicine, parts of Tabernaemontana divaricata have been used to treat various ailments, including wounds, fever, and skin infections. However, care should be taken, as the plant is toxic if consumed in large quantities. Growing Conditions: Climate: Thrives in tropical and subtropical climates. It is hardy in USDA zones 9–11 and can tolerate light frost but grows best in frost-free areas. Soil: Prefers well-drained, fertile soils but can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy or loamy soils. It performs best in slightly acidic to neutral pH. Light: Prefers full sun for the best flowering and growth, although it can tolerate partial shade. In shadier conditions, it may produce fewer flowers. Watering: Requires regular watering, especially during dry periods. While it is somewhat drought-tolerant once established, it thrives with consistent moisture. Be sure to provide well-draining soil to avoid waterlogging, which can cause root rot. Care and Maintenance: Pruning: Regular pruning helps maintain the plant's shape and encourages new growth, which can result in more flowers. Pruning can also control the size of the plant, especially if it is being grown as a hedge or small tree. Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer during the growing season (spring and summer) to promote healthy growth and abundant blooms. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can result in lush foliage with fewer flowers. Pests and Diseases: Tabernaemontana divaricata is generally resistant to pests but can occasionally attract aphids, scale insects, or mealybugs. Overwatering or poor drainage can lead to fungal issues such as root rot, so ensure proper watering and drainage. Mulching: Mulch around the base of the plant to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and maintain a stable soil temperature, especially during the growing season. Special Considerations: Toxicity: All parts of the plant, especially the sap, are toxic if ingested in large quantities. It is important to handle the plant with care and keep it out of reach of children and pets. Propagation: Can be propagated through stem cuttings. Take semi-hardwood cuttings and root them in a well-draining potting mix for best results. Invasiveness: In some regions, Tabernaemontana divaricata can become invasive, particularly in areas where it grows aggressively and outcompetes native plants. Check whether the plant is invasive in your region before planting it in outdoor spaces. Uses in Landscaping: Hedges and Borders: Tabernaemontana divaricata works well as a low hedge or border plant, providing a dense, fragrant display of flowers. It can be easily shaped through pruning. Specimen Plant: It can be planted as a specimen plant in gardens or as a feature shrub near walkways, where its fragrance can be appreciated. Groundcover: When planted in masses, it makes an attractive groundcover with its glossy green foliage and white flowers. Container Planting: It can be grown in containers, adding a fragrant touch to balconies, patios, and terraces. Conclusion: Tabernaemontana divaricata is a beautiful, fragrant shrub that adds elegance and charm to tropical and subtropical gardens. Its striking white flowers, attractive foliage, and pleasant scent make it a popular choice for landscaping. While it requires regular care in terms of watering, pruning, and fertilization, it is a relatively low-maintenance plant that can thrive with the right conditions. Just be mindful of its toxicity and avoid planting it in areas accessible to children or pets. Whether used as a hedge, specimen plant, or groundcover, Tabernaemontana divaricata is a wonderful addition to any garden.
