Tabernaemontana divaricata, commonly known as Crape Jasmine, Pinwheel Flower, or Frangipani Jasmine, is an evergreen shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions of Southeast Asia. It is well known for its fragrant white flowers and glossy green foliage, making it a popular ornamental plant in tropical gardens. The plant is a member of the Apocynaceae family. Key Features: Height and Growth: Typically grows to a height of 1.5 to 3 meters (5 to 10 feet) with a spread of about 2 meters (6.5 feet). It can be pruned to maintain a smaller size or trained as a small tree. Leaves: Glossy, dark green, lance-shaped leaves arranged in opposite pairs, with a smooth surface. The plant’s leaves contribute to its lush, dense appearance. Flowers: White, star-shaped flowers with a fragrant scent. The flowers are 5–6 cm (2–2.5 inches) in diameter, arranged in clusters. They are commonly referred to as "pinwheel flowers" due to their distinctive shape. The plant blooms throughout the warm seasons, attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies. Fruit: The plant produces elongated, cylindrical fruits that contain seeds, but they are not typically ornamental. Ecological and Practical Uses: Ornamental Value: Tabernaemontana divaricata is often used as an ornamental shrub for its attractive flowers and foliage. It is a common choice for tropical gardens, as a hedge plant, or as a specimen plant. Fragrance: The flowers are known for their strong, sweet fragrance, which is why the plant is commonly grown near walkways or patios for scent enjoyment. Wildlife Value: The flowers attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and moths, making it beneficial for gardens focused on supporting local wildlife. Medicinal Uses: In traditional medicine, parts of Tabernaemontana divaricata have been used to treat various ailments such as fever, skin infections, and wounds. However, caution is advised as the plant is toxic if consumed. Growing Conditions: Climate: Prefers tropical and subtropical climates and is hardy in USDA zones 9–11. It is frost-sensitive but can tolerate light frost in some areas. Soil: Thrives in well-drained, fertile soil but can adapt to a variety of soil types, including sandy and loamy soils. Slightly acidic to neutral pH is ideal. Light: Requires full sun for optimal growth and flowering. It can tolerate some shade, but flowering may be reduced in low-light conditions. Watering: Regular watering is essential, particularly during dry periods. While somewhat drought-tolerant once established, it performs best with consistent moisture. Ensure good soil drainage to prevent root rot. Care and Maintenance: Pruning: Pruning helps maintain a compact shape and encourages more vibrant flowers. Regular trimming can also shape it into a small tree or hedge. Fertilization: Apply a balanced fertilizer during the growing season (spring and summer) to encourage healthy growth and abundant blooms. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can result in excess foliage growth at the expense of flowers. Pests and Diseases: Generally pest-resistant but may attract aphids or mealybugs. Overwatering or poor drainage can cause fungal diseases, such as root rot. Mulching: Mulch around the base to retain moisture, reduce weed growth, and maintain a stable soil temperature. Special Considerations: Toxicity: All parts of the plant are toxic, particularly if consumed in large amounts. It is important to keep it away from children and pets. Propagation: The plant can be propagated through stem cuttings, which root well in well-draining soil. Invasiveness: In some regions, Tabernaemontana divaricata is considered invasive. It's important to check whether it is invasive in your area before planting it outdoors. Uses in Landscaping: Hedges and Borders: Commonly used as a hedge plant due to its dense growth and attractive flowers. Specimen Plant: Works well as a specimen plant in gardens, providing beauty and fragrance. Groundcover: When planted in groups, it can serve as an attractive groundcover, particularly in tropical garden settings. Container Planting: It can also be grown in containers, making it suitable for patios and balconies. Conclusion: Tabernaemontana divaricata is an elegant, fragrant shrub perfect for tropical gardens. With its white pinwheel-like flowers and glossy green foliage, it adds both beauty and fragrance to any landscape. While it requires care in terms of pruning, watering, and ensuring well-drained soil, it is a relatively low-maintenance plant that offers ornamental value and ecological benefits. Just be mindful of its toxicity and ensure it's safely planted away from children and pets.
